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I'm just speaking of my own personal opinion and preferences, but I believe it's best to ignore any and all scanner settings which will alter the image in any way. That's what Photoshop is for. If someone doesn't want to be bothered editing their scans afterwards and just wants to release whatever pops out of their scanner "as is," then that's what those scanner options are for. It's perhaps telling that more expensive scanners usually don't even offer such options. Scans are meant to be fixed in the editing process. If you try to do it in the scanning process, you're basically tossing out some of the image data and severely limiting what you have to work with if you decide to edit it. For example, I took your second pic (the one you didn't care for) and in less than a minute in Photoshop, you can easily remove the bleedthrough and whiten the page: If I started with the first pic (the one where your scanner altered the image), there would have been nothing much I could do to it. If the scanner decided to lighten or darken things too much, there's less you can do to fix it afterwards, since the loss or destruction of image data happened at the scanning stage. Scanning things as close to the original page as possible gives you much more control during editing.

Posting an image in 48-bit color isn't going to get a lot of helpful responses, since most people don't own a display capable of showing it. The human eye can't perceive the additional colors it allows anyway, so a 24-bit scan should look identical to a 48-bit color scan. The only potential advantage a 48-bit scan has is during editing. Since there are more colors to work with (even though you can't see them), there are a broader range of colors that can be accentuated and brought into the visual range by manipulating color controls in editing software. So if you're a professional-level Photoshop user, you might be able to manipulate a scan to get better results from a 48-bit scan than you could from a 24-bit scan. For normal people like us, 24-bit is best. I don't have your scanner, but I'm guessing that the difference between "photo" or "document" is just a fancy way of selecting the DPI, and if you were to change the DPI afterwards, you'd essentially be scanning under a "custom" setting. Neither scanner I own makes this kind of distinction. Descreening is a fancy way of saying "blurring." Magazines have a visible ink dot pattern created by the printing process. If you're zoomed WAY in, you can see it. Descreening blurs the image to the point that the ink dots blend together, creating the illusion of a more solid color, at the expense of, well, making everything blurry. Descreening is always bad for black text (which have no color ink dots to blur) but CAN make certain images more visually pleasing. However, not all images or pages in a magazine are printed with the same print screen. Allowing your scanner to descreen every page identically without any fine control over the process is...perhaps a bit reckless. It's hard to say what results you'll get, so I guess it's up for you to decide. Another option that will allow you far more control over the descreening process is to buy a descreening filter like Sattva for Photoshop.

Sorry, my debinding video seems to have been taken down (and I no longer have a copy), but you can see lots of information about debinding here: https://www.retromags.com/forums/topic/10584-de-binding-with-a-heat-gun/ As for scanning, 300dpi is pretty much the max size for mags released here (exact pixel height depends on the mag, but probably around 3200-3300 for American mags). I scan at 600dpi and make a 300dpi copy for this site (some people release mags here at a height of 2200 pixels, which is around 200dpi and is the mimimum recommended size.) Since you're using a flatbed scanner, though, you probably want to scan at 300, since scanning at 600 on a flatbed is sloooow. Once the mag/guide is scanned, there are editing guides in our help section. I personally disagree with a lot of the specifics in there and think everyone is better off finding their own techniques, but if you're completely clueless, it's a place to start.